Abstract and Figures

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) poses diagnostic challenges due to the absence of a universally accepted gold standard. This review explores alternative diagnostic methods, focusing on the potential role of infrared thermography (IRT) in identifying myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). MTrPs, characterized by palpable nodules within taut muscle bands, contribute to widespread chronic musculoskeletal pain. Traditional manual palpation, although widely used, faces reliability concerns. IRT, offering non-invasive real-time insights into microcirculation dynamics, presents a promising adjunct for MTrPs assessment. However, studies comparing thermography with manual identification reveal conflicting results, emphasizing the need for further investigation. Additionally, the review discusses the integration of thermography with pressure algometry, ultrasound, needle electromyography and biomarker assessment for a comprehensive understanding of MPS. Patient characteristics, such as age, gender, and body mass index, influence thermographic readings, necessitating cautious interpretation. Despite challenges, thermography demonstrates utility in short-term evaluation and treatment monitoring. Standardizing protocols and embracing an evidence-based, integrated diagnostic approach may enhance the accuracy of MTrPs identification in MPS, fostering collaborative efforts and ongoing research for improved patient outcomes.